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NEOPLASIA DEFINITION: NEOPLASIA Is an abnormal mass of tissue the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change. Fundamental to the origin of all neoplasm is loss of responsiveness to normal growth control. The neoplastic cells are referred as transformed because they continue to replicate against the regulatory influences that control normal cell growth. Nomenclature:- All tumors have 2 basic components:- 1-Parenchyma: made up of transformed neoplastic cells. 2- Supporting component which is host derived non neoplastic stroma made up of connective tissue and blood vessels. The parenchyma determines the biologic behavior of the tumor and hence the name derives from it. BENIGN TUMORS: B enign tumors are designated by adding the suffix OMA to the cells type of origin of the tumor in mesenchimal tumors (fibroma, lipoma etc.) Epithelial...

                                                INFLAMMATION Introduction ¨ A complex reaction in vascularized CT provoked by pathological stimuli. It is the reaction of blood vessels which leads accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in the extra vascular tissue. ¨ Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute or wall off the injurious agent and sets in motion a series of events that heals and reconstitutes the damaged tissue. ¨ Repairing begins early in the inflammation and completes after the injurious agent is neutralized. During repair the injured tissue is replaced by regenerative native parenchyma cells, by filling with fibroblasts (scar tissue) or both. ¨ Inflammation is a protective response with ultimate goal is to rid of injurious agent and its consequence (necrotic cells and debris) but it may have a potential harmful effects e.g. anaphylaxe...