CELL INJURY Ø Normal cell has fairly narrow range of function and structure by its genetic program, by neighboring cells and availability of metabolites but handle normal physiologic demands (homeostasis.) If excessive physiologic stress or pathologic stimuli bring a physiologic and morphologic cellular adaptation, a new but altered steady state is achieved which preserve viability and functional change. When the limit of adaptive response is exceeded or adaptation is not possible a sequence of events follow known as cell injury. Ø The cell injury is reversible up to certain limit but if the pathological stimuli persist or severe enough at the beginning the cell reaches the point of no return: irreversible cell injury and cell death. Causes of cell injury 1. Oxygen deprivation- due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) or ischemia (lack of blood supply). 2. Physical agents. 3. Chemical a...
