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Introduction to the PATHOLOGY

 

Pathology

 

Introduction to the PATHOLOGY

ü  Pathology: Are the structural and functional changes in cell, tissue and organ that underlie a disease.

ü  General pathology: is concerned with the basic reaction of the cell and tissue to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases.

 

The 4 aspects of a disease process that forms the core of pathology are:

Ø  Etiology:  cause of the disease

Ø  Pathogenesis: mechanism of the development of the disease

Ø  Morphologic changes: structural alteration induced on the cell, tissue and organs

Ø  Clinical significance: functional consequence of the morphologic changes.

Etiology

Ø  There are 2 classes of etiologic factors, intrinsic or genetic and acquired (infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical, immunological etc,)

Ø  The discovery of the primary cause remains the backbone on which diagnosis can be made, disease understood and treatment developed.

Ø  Anyhow, the etiology one disease one agent is no longer sufficient.

Pathogenesis

Ø  Refers the sequence of events in the response of the cell and tissue to the etiologic agent from the initial stimuli to the ultimate expression of the disease.

Morphologic changes

Ø  Refers to the structural changes in cell and tissue that are either characteristic of the disease or diagnostic of the etiologic process.

Functional derangement and clinical significance

Ø  The nature of morphologic changes and their distribution in different organs influence normal function and determine the clinical features (signs and symptoms) course and prognosis of the disease.

  

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